Host ranges of soilborne diseases
The following list is intended to provide a guide as to the diseases which affect each crop. It is by no means an exhaustive list, but an attempt to list the key crops produced in Vietnam, and the major soilborne diseases able to affect them. Not all of these pathogens have been reported in Vietnam, but they do cause losses on these crops in other parts of the world, so there is potential for the same to occur here.
A B C D E G J K L M O P R S T W Y
Apricot Prunus armeniaca L.
Armillaria crown and root rot
Phytophthora collar, crown and root rot, bark, collar, stem and trunk canker
Pythium tree decline, root rot
Rhizoctonia thread blight, damping off, root rot
Verticillium wilt
Artichoke Cynara cardunculus L.
Phytophthora megasperma root rot
Rhizoctonia root and stem rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Avocado Persea americana Miller
Phytophthora root and collar rot, trunk canker
Pythium root rot
Baby corn Zea mays L.
Aspergillus flavus ear rot and storage rot, yellow mould
Aspergillus niger kernel rot, black mould
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, bud, ear, root and stalk rot
Gibberella zeae seedling blight, ear and stalk rot
Phytophthora crown, root and stalk rots
Pythium seedling blight, stalk rot, root rot and damping off
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, root and stalk rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, root rot, basal sheath and stalk rot
Banana Musa acuminata Colla
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Panama wilt disease
Pratylenchus spp. root lesions
Pythium root ropt, basal stem rot
Radopholus similis burrowing nematode
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani root and stem rot
Black bean Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. & C. Fraser
There have not been any major soilborne diseases documented in this crop.
Black pepper Piper nigrum L.
Phytophthora capsici quick wilt
Radopholus similis burrowing nematode
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight and wilt
Brassica Brassica oleracea L.
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium oxysporum Stem rot, wilt and yellows
Plasmodiophora brassicae Club root
Pythium seedling blight and damping off, head blight, root rot
Rhizoctonia solani bottom rot, damping off, root rot, wire stem, basal stem rot, foliar blight
Sclerotinia minor
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum blight, soft rot, stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis(S. Parkinson) Fosb., Pandanus odoratissimus L.
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia basal stem rot and root rot
Carrot Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Phytophthora megasperma root rot
Pythium seedling blight, damping off, froking, brown root
Sclerotinia minor cottony rot, watery soft rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum cottony rot, watery soft rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, root and stem blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Cashew Anacardium occidentale L.
Pythium sp.
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Sclerotium rolfsii seedling blight
Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz
Aspergillus flavus yellow mould
Fusarium sp. tuber rot
Phytophthora nicotianae root rot
Pythium sp. tuber rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani root rot and damping off
Celery Apium graveolens L.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apiii wilt and yellows
Pythium damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off and root rot
Sclerotinia minor damping off, crown rot, pink rot, stem rot, watery rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum damping off, crown rot, pink rot, stem rot, storage rot, watery rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Verticillium wilt
Chilli Pepper Capsicum annuum L.
Fusarium oxysporum fruit and stem rot, wilt
Phytophthora capsici blight, wilt, crown, foot and root rot
Pythium damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, root and stem rot, soil rot of fruits
Sclerotinia minor damping off, crown rot, pink rot, stem rot, watery rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pink joint, fruit and stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Citrus L.
Aspergillus flavus fruit and root rot
Aspergillus niger fruit rot
Armillaria shoestring root rot
Fusarium lateritum stylar end decay, gummosis, collar and foot rot
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. citri dieback and wilt
Fusarium solani gummosis, collar and fruit rot
Phytophthora cactorum gummosis and brown rot
Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot
Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis, root rot, limb blight and foot rot
Phytophthora nicotianae shoot blight, damping off, collar rot, foot rot, root rot and gummosis
Pythium damping off root and secondary root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off and root rot
Radopholus citrophilus burrowing nematode
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum twig blight, fruit rot and root rot
Sclerotium rolfsii seedling blight and fruit rot
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Coconut Cocos nucifera L.
Aspergillus flavus yellow mould
Pythophthora palmivora bud rot and wilt
Pythium root rot and wilt
Fusarium moniliforme bud rot
Fusarium oxysporum petiole and stem rot
Fusarium solani bud and root rot
Ganoderma boninense butt rot, basal stem rot
Rhizoctonia solani root rot
Thielaviopsis paradoxa bud rot, leaf spot, heart rot, bleeding trunk canker and root decay
Coffee Coffea arabica L.
Armillaria spp. root rot
Cylindrocladium sp. black rot of roots
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium solani foot and root rot
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off
Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L.
Aspergillus flavus boll rot, seed contamination with aflatoxin
Aspergillus niger boll rot
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum boll rot and wilt
Fusarium solani boll rot and seedling disease
Phytophthora nicotianae boll rot
Pythium damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off and seedling blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern Blight
Thielaviopsis basicola internal collar and boll rot, black root rot, seedling disease
Verticillium wilt
Cucumber, Pumpkin Cucumis sativus L.
Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum wilt
Phytophthora cactorum fruit rot
Phytophthora capsici fruit rot
Pythium damping off, seedling blight, cottony leak, fruit and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, belly and root rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fruit, stem and timber rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, fruit rot
Verticillium wilt
Custard apple Anona cherimola, A. reticulata, A. squamosa 26
Armillaria root rot
Phytophthora
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani
Verticillium wilt
Durian Durio zibethinus Murr.
Pythium root rot
Phytophthora palmivora root rot, fruit rot, canker and gummosis of the trunk and branches
Radopholus similis burrowing nematode
Eggplant Solanum melongena L.
Fusarium spp. tuber and seedpiece rots, vascular discolouration, dry rot and wilt
Phytophthora infestans late blight
Phytophthora nicotianae fruit rot and tuber rot
Pythium cottony leak, seed piece rot, watery rot, damping off, root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, fruit, root and stem rot, black scurf
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stem blight and rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Garlic Allium sativum L.22
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae bulb rot, basal ropt, root rot, damping off
Fusarium solani pink root, bulb rot
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, basal rot, bulb rot, wilt
Sclerotium cepivorum white rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, wilt
Ginger Zingiber officianale Roscoe
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi
Fusarium solani
Fusarium sp. rhizome rot
Pythium aphanidermatum root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani leaf blight, rhizome and root rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Gourd Cucurbita spp.
Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum wilt
Fusarium solani
Phytophthora cactorum fruit rot
Phytophthora capsici fruit rot
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora nicotianae foliage and root rot
Pythium damping off, seedling blight, cottony leak, fruit, blossom end and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani root and belly rot, damping off and web blight
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fruit and stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, fruit rot
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Verticillium wilt
Guava Psidium guadjava L.
Armillaria tabascens root rot
Fusarium spp. root rot
Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot
Phytophthora citricola fruit rot
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani thread blight and root rot
Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Pythium splendens root rot
Jambu Syzygium cumini L.
Armillaria tabascens root rot
Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans stem rot, wilt and yellows
Fusarium sp. dry rot, damping off, wilt and yellows
Plasmodiophora brassicae Club root
Pythium seedling blight and damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani bottom rot, damping off, seedling root rot, wire stem, basal stem rot, foliar blight
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum white blight, watery soft rot, stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Leek Allium porrum L.
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, basal rot, bulb rot, wilt
Sclerotium cepivorum white rot
Lettuce Lactuca sativa L.
Fusarium oxysporum bottom rot
Fusarium sp. seed blast, damping off, root rot
Erwinia soft rot
Pythium root rot, damping off, wilt and leaf blight
Rhizoctonia solani bottom rot, damping off and root rot
Sclerotinia minor rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum drop, watery soft rot, stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Lychee Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Armillaria tabascens root rot
Cylindrocladium sp. black rot of roots
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium solani foot and root rot
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani root and stem rot
Scopulariopsis sp.
Longan Nephelium longana Wight
Fusarium decemcellulare canker
Phytophthora palmivora
Maize Zea mays L.
Aspergillus flavus ear rot and storage rot, yellow mould
Aspergillus niger kernel rot, black mould
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, bud, ear, root and stalk rot
Gibberella fujikuroi stalk rot
Gibberella zeae seedling blight, ear and stalk rot
Phytophthora crown, root and stalk rots
Pythium seedling blight, stalk rot, root rot and damping off
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, root and stalk rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, root rot, basal sheath and stalk rot
Mango Mangifera indica L.
Fusarium subglutinans malformation or Witches Broom
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani root rot and leaf necrosis
Verticillium wilt
Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L.
There have not been any major soilborne diseases documented in this crop
Melon Cucumis melo L.147
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis wilt
Phytophthora cactorum fruit rot
Phytophthora capsici fruit rot
Phytophthora dreschleri fruit rot
Pythium damping off, seedling blight, cottony leak, fruit and root rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fruit, stem and timber rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, fruit rot
Verticillium wilt
Mung beans
Pythium damping off, seedling blight, and root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani root and belly rot, damping off and web blight
Onion Allium cepa L.
Aspergillus niger black mould
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae bulb rot, basal rot, root rot, damping off
Fusarium solani pink root, bulb rot
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, basal rot, bulb rot, wilt
Phytophthora root rot
Pythium seedling blight, damping off, root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani seedling blight, damping off
Sclerotium cepivorum white rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, wilt
Thielaviopsis basicola secondary root rot
Papaya, paw paw Carica papaya L.
Fusarium solani fruit rot
Fusarium root, fruit and stem rot
Phytophthora collar, root and fruit rot
Pythium damping off and root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani damping off
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Pea Pisum sativum L.
Fusarium root rot, basal stem rot and wilt
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi wilt
Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi root rot
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani stem canker, damping off and root rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pod and stem rot, wilt
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Peach Prunus persica
Armillaria crown and root rot
Phytophthora collar, crown and root rot, bark, collar, stem and trunk canker
Pythium tree decline, root rot
Rhizoctonia thred blight, damping off, root rot
Verticillium wilt
Peanut Arachis hypogea L.
Aspergillus flavus seedling blight, damping off, yellow mould of nuts
Aspergillus niger seedling blight, damping off, crown rot, black mould
Cylindrocladium crotalariae black rot of pegs, pods and roots
Fusarium seedling blight, peg, pod and root rot, wilt
Phytophthora stem rot
Pythium seedling blight, peg, pod and root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani leaf, nut and seedling blight, peg, pod root and stem rot
Sclerotinia minor blight
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, peg and pod rot
Thielaviopsis basicola black hull root rot
Verticillium wilt
Pepper Capsicum annuum L.
Fusarium oxysporum fruit and stem rot, wilt
Phytophthora capsici blight, wilt, crown, foot and root rot
Pythium damping off and root rot
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, root and stem rot, soil rot of fruits
Sclerotinia minor damping off, crown rot, pink rot, stem rot, watery rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pink joint, fruit and stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Persimmon Diospyrus spp. L.
Armillaria root rot
Fusarium sp. root rot, black stem rot
Ganoderma australe heart rot
Ganoderma lucidum butt rot
Phytophthora root rot
Pythium sp.
Rhizoctonia solani thread blight, basal stem rot of seedlings
Verticillium wilt
Pineapple Ananus comosus (L.) Merr.
Fusarium subglutinans Fusariosis fruitlet core rot
Fusarium sp. leaf necrosis, basal rot, brown rot of fruit
Meloidogyne spp. root knot nematode
Phytophthora cinnamomi heart rot
Phytophthora citrophthora
Pythophthora dreschleri
Phytophthora nicotianae heart rot
Phytophthora palmivora heart rot of buds and stems
Pratylenchus brachyurus root lesion nematode
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia solani root rot
Sclerotium rolfsii
Thielaviopsis paradoxa butt rot, black rot, white leaf spot
Pistachio Pistachio vera L.
Armillaria root rot
Aspergillus flavus yellow mould of nuts
Fusarium oxysporum
Phytophthora nicotianae root rot and leaf necrosis
Pythium sp.
Rhizoctonia solani thread blight
Verticillium wilt
Potato Solanum tuberosum L.
Armillaria mellea root rot
Aspergillus niger secondary tuber rot
Erwinia soft rot
Fusarium spp. tuber and seedpiece rots, vascular discolouration, dry rot and wilt
Phytophthora cryptogea pink rot
Pythophthora dreschleri tuber rot
Phytophthora infestans late blight
Pythium cottony leak, seed piece rot, watery rot, damping off
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, fruit, root and stem rot, black scurf
Sclerotinia minor
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum white mould
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Verticillium wilt
Pumpkin Cucumis sativus L.
Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum wilt
Fusarium solani foot and root rot
Phytophthora cactorum fruit rot
Phytophthora capsici fruit rot
Pythium damping off, seedling blight, cottony leak, fruit and root rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fruit, stem and timber rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, fruit rot
Verticillium wilt
Rice Oryza sativa L.
Aspergillus flavus yellow mould, kernel discolouration
Fusarium subglutinans kernel discolouration, secondary root rot
Fusarium sp. kernel discolouration
Gibberella fujikuroi Bakanae disease
Pythium root rot
Rhizoctonia oryzae root rot and sheath spot
Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativa aggregate sheath spot
Rhizoctonia solani sheath and seedling blight, sheath spot and stem rot
Sclerotium oryzae stem rot, sheath blight
Sclerotium rolfsii seedling blight, sheath and stem rot
Rubber Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. Juss.) Mull.Arg.
Armillaria spp. root rot
Ganoderma tornatum red root disease
Ganoderma zonatum red root disease
Phytophthora palmivora black stripe
Sapodilla Manilkara zapota (L.) D. Royen
Armillaria tabascens root rot
Ganoderma sp. butt rot
Sesame Sesamum indicum L.
Fusarium sp. wilt
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia sp. damping off
Thielaviopsis basicola root and stem rot
Verticillium wilt
Shallots Allium ascalonicum L.
Fusarium solani pink root, bulb rot
Fusarium spp. seedling blight, basal rot, bulb rot, wilt
Phytophthora sp. root rot
Sclerotium cepivorum white rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, wilt
Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger
Cylindrocladium crotalariae black rot of roots
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.tracheiphilum wilt
Fusarium solani foot and root rot
Fusarium spp. seed, root and basal stem rot
Heterodera spp. cyst nematode
Phytophthora megasperma root and stem rot
Phytophthora sp. damping off
Pythium spp. seedling blight, damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, root rot, stem rot, aerial blight
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum blight, white mould, stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, leaf and stem rot
Thielaviopsis basicola root rot
Verticillium dahliae wilt
Spring onion Allium fistulosum L.
Sclerotium cepivorum white rot
Star apple Averrhoa carambola L.
There have not been any major soilborne diseases documented in this crop
Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L.
Aspergillus flavus yellow mould on canes and sugar
Aspergillus niger black mould on canes and sugar
Fusarium spp. cane, leaf, seed, root and sugar rot
Gibberella fujikuroi top rot
Gibberella subglutinans Pokkah boeng, Fusarium stem rot, knife cut
Phytophthora erythroseptica seed piece rot
Phytophthora megasperma rot of cuttings
Pythium spp. damping off and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani secondary root rot, sheath, shoot and stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, leaf sheath rot, basal stalk rot
Thielaviopsis paradoxa
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Aspergillus niger secondary storage rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas stem rot, wilt
Fusarium spp. dry rot, end rot, secondary storage rot
Phytophthora sp. root rot
Pythium spp. mottle necrosis of mature roots, rootlet rot, leak in storage
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani thread blight, root rot, sprout rot, stem rot
Sclerotinia minor sprout rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, cottony blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Fusarium spp. corm rot, powdery gray rot rot, root rot
Phytophthora colocasiae leaf blight
Pythium spp. crown, corm and root rot
Rhizoctonia sp. pocket rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, corm and stem rot
Tea Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.
Armillaria spp. root rot
Ganoderma tornatum red root disease
Ganoderma zonatum red root disease
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L.
Aspergillus spp. storage rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae wilt
Heterodera spp. cyst nematode
Pythophthora nicotianae black shank
Plasmodiophora brassicae root rot
Pythium spp. damping off, root rot, stem rot of transplants
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani root and stem rot
Sclerotinia minor seedling blight
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum seedling blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, stem rot
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Verticillium wilt
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Miller
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici wilt, crown rot
Phytophthora cactorum stem rot
Phytophthora capsici root rot
Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot
Phytophthora cryptogea
Phytophthora infestans late blight
Phytophthora nicotianae fruit rot, stem rot
Phytophthora palmivora root rot
Pythium spp. damping off, collar, fruit and soil rot, root rot of seedlings
Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt
Rhizoctonia solani damping off, fruit,stem and collar rot
Sclerotinia minor fruit rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum leaf, stem and twig lesions, fruit and stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight
Thielaviopsis basicola black root rot
Verticillium wilt
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Cylindrocladium sp. fruit rot
Fusarium oxysporum wilt
Fusarium spp. fruit rot, stem rot
Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora nicotianae
Pythium damping off, blossom end rot, seedling blight, cottony leak, fruit and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani leaf blight, damping off, web blight, belly rot, root rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum cottony rot, stem rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, fruit rot
Thielaviopsis basicola root rot
Verticillium wilt
Yam Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Aspergillus niger secondary storage rot
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas stem rot, wilt
Fusarium spp. dry rot, end rot, secondary storage rot
Phytophthora sp. root rot
Pythium spp. mottle necrosis of mature roots, rootlet rot, leak in storage
Rhizoctonia solani thread blight, root rot, sprout rot, stem rot
Sclerotinia minor sprout rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight, cottony blight
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