Census of Freshwater Algae of Australia
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About Census

Source of records
Classification system
Nomenclatural checking
Endemism
Rare and Threatened species coding
How to cite the CENSUS
References cited

Source of records

Records come mostly from published papers and books, but also from university theses and government reports. Any publications which refer to taxa of non-marine algae from Australia were included. Non-taxonomic papers were also included. However, there are likely to be a few incidental encounters with non-marine algae in naturalist journals that have been overlooked. Our coverage of unpublished reports by government agencies also will be incomplete. For Charophytes, we have relied on the references to Australian records cited by Wood (1972) and in most cases we have not checked the original sources.

International compilations and monographs that transcribe records from other sources have not been processed. These publications include Drouet (1968), Drouet (1981), Huber-Pestalozzi (1941-1961; and subsequent volumes in this series), Krieger and Gerloff (1962-1969), Krieger (1937), Krieger (1939), West & West (1908) and Tiffany (1930). The omission of these sources was for utilitarian reasons.

Some herbarium records have been included. The source of these is indicated in the database.

References (unavailable at present) indicate one place where the name of the taxon is recorded. If the name was included in Day et al. (1995) then that has been cited. Otherwise, the reference to a taxon's name is given as the first paper we located that cites the taxon. This is not necessarily the earliest report of the taxon.

Classification system

Divisions and Classes
Following van den Hoek et al. (1995).

Families
Following Bourrelly (1968-90) unless changed to conform with new Division/Class circumscriptions (then these follow van den Hoek 1995 or Christensen 1980 and 1994).

Nomenclatural checking

Diatoms
All diatoms names have been made consistent with (in priority order): Round et al. (1990), Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986-1991) or Van Landingham (1967-1978). Where taxa could not be readily and nomenclaturally correctly incorporated into the system of Round et al. (1990) they remain under the reported name, updated if possible from Krammer & Lange-Bertalot. The genus Vanheurckia is retained for species where no current name could be found.

Characeae
Raam (1995) and Wood (1972).

Desmidiaceae
Croasdale et al. 'Flora of New Zealand – Desmids' and Prescott et al. 'A synopsis of North American Desmids'.

Cyanophyta
Anagnostidis & Komárek, various papers and Komárek & Anagnostidis (1999) for the Chroococcales.

For general nomenclature checking references used were Whitton et al. (1999) 'A Coded List of Freshwater Algae of the British Isles'; Tikkanen & Willén (1992) 'Växtplanktonflora'; Tolstoy & Willén (1997) 'Preliminär checklista över Makroalger i Sverige' .

Synonymies listed in McLeod (1975) were not incorporated into the 'Freshwater Algae' Census.

Endemism

The assessment of endemism is based mostly on information provided in Australian references.

Inevitably some taxa labelled 'endemic' will have been since discovered overseas. As overseas monographs and revision are consulted this field will be updated.

Rare and Threatened species coding

The coding attempts to conform with the 'ANZECC Endangered Flora Network' definitions. The following notes explain how these codes were interpreted for this Census. For most freshwater algae this coding is extremely tentative and each category could be be prefixed with 'Apparently'.

Presumed Extinct
There is no evidence to support listing any of the taxa as extinct.

Endangered
This listing is only used if the author identifies a threat to the known populations.

Vulnerable
Any taxon reported from a single locality (e.g. the type locality), or from two or three collections in the same (smallish) catchment, or from two or three localities where the taxon is described as rare or under threat.

Rare
An additional category used for species with restricted distributions but not known to be under any threat to their survival. This is similar to the 'Poorly Known' category used in some coding systems.

How to cite the CENSUS

Version 1.0
The Census of Freshwater Algae in Australia Database was compiled and edited by Tim Entwisle and Lucy Nairn.

This database is based on 'Bibliographic Checklist of Non-marine Algae in Australia' by S.A. Day, R.P. Wickham, T.J. Entwisle and P.A. Tyler (Flora of Australia, Supplementary Series No. 4, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 1995), referred to in this database as BCNAA.

Cite this web site as
Entwisle, T.J. & Nairn, L. ([current date in day month year]). Freshwater Algae - Census of Freshwater Algae in Australia, (version [number]). http://plantnet.rbgsyd.gov.au/PlantNet/fwalgae.htm

References cited

Anagnostidis, K., and Komárek, J. (1988), Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes. 3 - Oscillatoriales. Archiv für Hydrobiologia, Supplement 80, 327-472.

Bourrelly, P. (1968). Les Algues d'eau Douce. Initiation à la Systématique. Vol. 2. Les Algues Jaunes et Brunes. N. Boubée, Paris.

Bourrelly, P. (1981), Les Algues d'eau Douce, Initiation à la Systématique. Vol. 2. Les Algues Jaunes et Brunes. Réimpression revue et augmentée. N. Boubée; Paris.

Bourrelly, P. (1985). Les Algues d'eau Douce, Initiation à la Systématique. Vol 3. Algues Bleues et Rouges. Rev. edn. N. Boubée, Paris.

Bourrelly, P. (1988). Compléments Les Algues d'eau Douce. Initiation à la Systématique. Vol. 1. Les Algues Vertes. Compléments à la 1re, 2e et 3e édition. N. Boubée, Paris.

Bourrelly, P. (1990). Les Algues d'eau Douce. Initiation à la Systématique. Vol. 1. Les Algues Vertes. Réimpression revue et augmentée. N. Boubée, Paris.

Christensen, T. (1980 - 1994), Algae A Taxonomic Survey AiO Print Ltd, Odense.

Croasdale, H., & Flint, E. A. (1986). Flora of New Zealand. Freshwater Algae, Chlorophyta, Desmids with Ecological Comments on their Habitats. Vol. 1. V. R. Ward, Government Printer, Wellington.

Croasdale, H., & Flint, E. A. (1988). Flora of New Zealand. Freshwater Algae, Chlorophyta, Desmids with Ecological Comments on their Habitats. Vol. 2. Actinotaenium, Cosmarium, Cosmodcladium, Spinocosmarium, Xanthidium. Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.

Croasdale, H., Flint E. A., & Racine, M. M. (1994). Flora of New Zealand, Desmids. Vol. 3. Staurodesmus, Staurastrum, and the filamentous desmids. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.

Day, S. A., Wickham, R. P., Entwisle T. J., & Tyler, P. A. (1995), Bibliographic checklist of non-marine algae in Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

Drouet, F. (1968), Revision of the classification of the Oscillatoriaceae, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs, 15: 1-370. 

Drouet, F. (1981), Revision of the Stigonemataceae with a summary of the classification of the blue-green algae, Nova Hedwigia, 66: 1-221.

Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (1941–1961), Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers, Teil 2–5, Die Binnengewässer 16.

Komárek, J. & Anagnostidis, K. (1999), Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil Chroococcales, in Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 19/1, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986), Bacillariophyceae 1. Teil: Naviculaceae, in Süsswasserflora von Mittleuropa Band 2/1, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1988), Bacillariophyceae 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae, in Süsswasserflora von Mittleuropa Band 2/2, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991), Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariales, Eunotiaceae, in Süsswasserflora von Mittleuropa Band 2/3, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991), Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zo Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1-4, in Süsswasserflora von Mittleuropa Band 2/3, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

Krieger, W. (1937), Die Desmidiaceen Europas, mit Berucksichtigung der aussereuropaischen Arten, Part 1, in G.L. Rabenhorst (ed.), Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig 13.

Krieger, W. (1939), Die Desmidiaceen Europas, mit Berucksichtigung der aussereuropaischen Arten, Part 2, in G.L. Rabenhorst (ed.), Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Akademisch Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig 13.

Krieger, W. & Gerloff, J. (1962–1969), Die Gattung Cosmarium, Parts 1–3. J.Cramer; Weinheim.

McLeod, J.A. (1975), The Freshwater Algae of Southern Queensland, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Queensland.

Prescott, G. W., Croasdale, H. T., Vinyard, W. C., and Bicudo, C. E. de M. (1981), A Synopsis of North American Desmids. Part. II. Desmidiaceae: Placodermae. Section 3. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.

West, W. & West, G.S. (1908), A Monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. Vol. III, The Ray Society, London.

Raam, J. C. (1995), The Characeae of Tasmania. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart.

Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990), The diatoms. Biolology and morphology of the Genera,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Tiffany, L.H. (1930), The Oedogoniaceae; a Monograph. [published by author]; Columbus, Ohio.

Tikkanen, T. & Willén, T. (1992), Växtplanktonflora, Författarna och Naturvårdsverket. 

Tolstoy, A. & Willén, T. (1997), Preliminär checklista över Makroalger i Sverige, ArtDatabanken, Sveriges Lantbrukuniver. 

van den Hoek, C., Mann, D.G. & Jahns, H.M. (1995), Algae: An introduction to phycology, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

van Landingham, S.L. (1967–1978), Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent Genera and Species of Diatoms and their Synonyms. J.Cramer, Vaduz.

Wood, R.D. (1972), Characeae of Australia, Nova Hedwigia, 22: 1–120.

Whitton, B.A., John, D.M., Johnson, L.R., Boulton, P.N.G., Kelly, M.R. & Haworth, E.Y. (1999), A Coded List of Freshwater Algae of the British Isles, http://www.nwl.ac.uk/~loissys/algal_coded_list.htm