DNA studies of Elaeocarpaceae

Darren Crayn, Hannah McPherson & Maurizio Rossetto

We are researching the evolution and relationships of the Elaeocarpaceae.This family contains mostly rainforest trees and shrubs. When we analysed the DNA of Tetratheca - a very different group of small wiry plants from dry exposed places - we found they belong in the Elaeocarpaceae too. This discovery helps us understand how plants adapted during past climate change. When Australia dried out about 20 million years ago and most Elaeocarpaceae retreated to remnant rainforests, some evolved into new species adapted to dry conditions.

Did you know?

• The local native Blueberry Ash, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, is commonly planted around Sydney.
• Elaeocarpaceae is found in Australasia, the Pacific, Asia, South and Central America and Madagascar.
• Rainforest Elaeocarpaceae evolved in the Cretaceous Period, 100-120 million years ago.
• The fruits of several Elaeocarpus species have been eaten by northern Aboriginal groups after careful preparation and cooking.
• In some species of Elaeocarpus, the inner part of the fruit looks like a miniature brain. In India, these ‘Rudraksha’ are thought to have positive spiritual and medicinal qualities.
• Elaeocarp fruits are important food for rainforest birds and bats, which spread the seeds.